Project Overview

The STAR Refinery Liquid Bulk Marine Terminal Construction Project (SRS) was undertaken to develop the modern marine terminal infrastructure required for the safe, efficient, and uninterrupted transfer of crude oil delivered to the refinery by high-capacity ocean-going tankers.

The project was awarded by TSGI Engineering Construction Ltd., a joint venture comprising Tecnicas Reunidas, Saipem S.p.A., GS Engineering & Construction, and Itochu Corporation. ES Denizcilik served as the EPC (Engineering, Procurement, and Construction) Contractor, delivering the project through an integrated engineering, procurement, and construction approach.

Project Scope

The project was executed through a comprehensive engineering approach encompassing piled jetty structures, land reclamation works, site development, seabed dredging, and slope stabilization.

The scope included the construction of three piled jetties serving refinery operations, extensive land reclamation, tank terrace preparation, marine fill works, coastal protection structures, and 1,250 metres of slope stabilization. All construction activities were carried out in accordance with international engineering standards and the highest requirements for quality, environmental management, and occupational health and safety.

Major Construction Activities

The principal works completed under the project included:

• 1,000,000 m³ of marine reclamation and rock revetment works
• 67,000 m³ of seabed dredging
• 500,000 m³ of terrace formation and slope excavation
• 28,000 metres of bored pile installation
• 14,000 jet grout columns
• 4,000 rigid columns
• 1,250 metres of crown wall construction
• Installation of 800 tonnes of tie rods
• 5,500 m³ of reinforced concrete capping beams
• 3,600 m² of gabion retaining walls
• 8,000 m³ of reinforced concrete pipe support foundations
• Comprehensive excavation, backfilling, and infrastructure works

Of the total 1,000,000 m³ of reclamation fill, approximately 260,000 m³ was placed offshore using two marine barges. Simultaneously, 67,000 m³ of seabed dredging was completed to prepare the foundation for the marine terminal infrastructure.

Jetty Structures

The marine terminal facilities comprised:

• 2 Service Platforms
• 7 Loading and Unloading Platforms
• 18 Berthing Dolphins
• 31 Mooring Dolphins
• Various Access Catwalks and Connecting Structures

A total of three piled jetties were designed and constructed with lengths of 495 metres, 351 metres, and 332 metres, respectively. The facilities were engineered to accommodate large-capacity crude oil tankers while meeting stringent international standards for structural integrity, operational efficiency, and navigational safety.

Land Reclamation, Site Development, and Slope Stabilization

The reclamation works extended over a 1,330-metre shoreline and included seabed dredging, marine fill operations, jet grouting, rigid column installation, bored piling, tie rod systems, crown wall construction, and drainage infrastructure.

Site development activities comprised large-scale excavation and backfilling operations, gabion and reinforced concrete retaining structures, permanent access roads, and stormwater drainage systems.

Slope stabilization works included the regrading of embankments, installation of rockfall protection barriers, and slope protection measures covering a total surface area of 39,159 m², ensuring the long-term geotechnical stability of the site.

Environmental Management and Sustainability

Environmental sustainability was a key priority throughout the project. Comprehensive environmental protection measures were implemented to preserve Posidonia oceanica (Mediterranean seagrass), a protected marine species located within the project area.

The environmental management programme included:

• Installation of silt curtains
• Continuous sediment deposition monitoring
• Periodic turbidity measurements
• Ongoing environmental monitoring and control throughout all marine construction activities

These measures ensured that all construction activities were carried out in compliance with applicable environmental regulations and international best practices while minimizing impacts on the surrounding marine ecosystem.